The difference in the Catholic and Protestant bible arose in the following manner. The Jews living in a few centuries before Christ were divided into two groups - the Jews dwelling in Palestine and Speaking Hebrew, and the large number of Jews scattered throughout the Roman Empire and speaking the Greek language, a consequence of the Conquest of Alexander the Great of Greece.
In the several centuries before the coming of Christ, the Jews in Palestine re-examined and eliminated some books from the existing collection as not in harmony with the Law of Moses and as of doubtful inspiration. The Pharisees set up four criteria which their sacred books had to pass in order to be included in the revised Jewish canon:
1. They had to be in harmony with the Pentateuch (Torah or Law).
2. They had to be written before the time of Ezra.
3. They had to be written in hebrew.
4. They had to have been written in Palestine.
The application of these arbitrary criteria eliminated Judith, probably written in Aramaic; Wisdom and 2 Maccabees, written in Greek; Tobit and parts of Daniel and Esther, written in Aramaic and probably outside of Palestine; Baruch written outside of Palestine; and Sirach and 1 Maccabees, written after the time of Ezra. By the 1st Century after Christ, this revised canon was generally accepted by all Jews.
From the earliest of times, the Christian Church recognized the Jewish canon of the Greek Roman tradition. or Alexandrine canon, as being the true Bible. Jesus himself quoted from this Bible, and not until the Reformation was this canon seriously challenged.
Luther rejected the deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament. At one time he also eliminated Hebrews, James, Jude, and the Apocalypse or Revelation from the New Testament, but later Protestants reinserted them. Today the Catholic and Protestant New Testament is identical.
Peace